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Can Designated Persons Subscribe to IPOs?
1. Introduction: Can Designated Persons Subscribe to IPOs?Background Scenario A Ltd, a private company, is preparing to launch its Initial Public Offer (IPO) of equity shares. The IPO is set to open i...
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Regulatory Penalties for Non-Compliance with Secretarial Standard-2 and Defective AGM Minutes: Lessons from ROC Action Against Company Officers
Introduction: Regulatory Scrutiny on Record MaintenanceThe case of M/s. Rashi Steel and Power Limited, headquartered in Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, highlights the consequences of neglecting statutory reco...
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Major Overhaul of FEMA Regulations 2026: Key Developments and Operational Insights
Overview of the Regulatory ShiftThe Indian government has consistently prioritized reform of cross-border trade regulations to facilitate global business operations and remove procedural hurdles. In a...
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Comprehensive Summary of Recent Regulatory Developments Pertaining to Alternative Investment Funds (AIFs) in India (October 2025–April 2026)
1. IntroductionBetween October 2025 and April 2026, several significant circulars, notifications, and regulatory directives have been introduced by various Indian regulatory authorities concerning Alt...
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Re-examining Director’s Vicarious Liability: Supreme Court Defines the Boundaries across Fiscal Statutes
OverviewThe Supreme Court’s ruling in Saroj Pandey v. Govt. Of NCT Of Delhi ([2026] 185 taxmann.com 280 (SC)) offers critical insight into the scope of directors’ liability under fiscal and penal stat...
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Is a Single Member Sufficient for Quorum in a Private Limited Company's General Meeting?
1. Minimum Membership and Quorum Essentials(i) Legal Baseline for Private Companies(a) As per the Companies Act, 2013, a private limited company must have at least two members at the time of incorpora...
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Director Duty Compliance Confirmation under Section 166: Advancing from Statutory Duty to Robust Governance Practice
1. Introduction: Section 166 and the Evolution of Director DutiesSection 166 of the Companies Act, 2013, formalizes the essential responsibilities of company directors, ranging from adherence to the A...
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Reframing the Enforceability of Term Sheets in Indian Corporate Transactions
1. IntroductionTerm sheets serve as the initial framework for most corporate deals, outlining the intended structure and objectives of a transaction. Governed primarily by the Indian Contract Act, 187...
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Buy-back of Unexercised ESOPs: Interpreting Section 68 of the Companies Act, 2013 – A Practical Perspective
IntroductionThe distinction between unexercised and exercised Employee Stock Options (ESOPs) has significant implications when considering buy-backs under Indian company law. Section 68 of the Compani...
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The Expanding Role of Forensic Auditors in Addressing India’s NPA Challenge and Promoting Financial Clarity
Introduction: Unveiling the NPA Dilemma in Indian BankingThe Indian banking industry has consistently faced the persistent issue of Non-Performing Assets (NPAs). While recent years have seen progress...
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Navigating LRS and ODI: Understanding India’s Dual Regulatory Approach to Outward Remittances
Overview of Outward Remittance RegulationsThe regulatory landscape for outward remittances from India is principally structured under the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (FEMA), alongside relate...
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A Deep Dive into the IBC (Amendment) Act, 2026: Key Changes and Practical Implications
Historical Context and Legislative ProgressionThe Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) in India has undergone continuous refinement, with the IBC (Amendment) Act, 2026 emerging as a pivotal developmen...
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Rectification of Company Register of Members: Scope and Authority of NCLT
Historical Background and Evolution of Rectification Provisionsi) Pre-1988 Legal Framework(a) Before the Companies (Amendment) Act, 1988, the remedy for rectifying the register of members was governed...
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The Continued Relevance of State Stamp Duty in Indian Corporate Transactions
1. Overview: The Continued Relevance of State Stamp Duty in Indian Corporate TransactionsIn Indian corporate deals—such as mergers and acquisitions, private equity investments, venture capital funding...
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Redefining Corporate Compliance: A Deep Dive into the Decriminalisation Reforms Proposed by the Corporate Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2026
1. IntroductionIndia’s approach to corporate regulation is undergoing a transformative change with the introduction of the Corporate Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2026, which proposes significant amendments...
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MSME Form I: An In-depth Guide to Compliance and Disclosure Requirements
Overview and BackgroundMicro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) are fundamental to India’s economic landscape, contributing significantly to employment, manufacturing, and exports. Despite their importance,...
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Is Section 179 of the Companies Act, 2013 a Complete Code?
1. Overview: Is Section 179 of the Companies Act, 2013 a Complete Code?Section 179 of the Companies Act, 2013 is often misunderstood as a comprehensive catalogue of the Board’s powers, particularly du...
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Understanding Foreign Investment Regulations in India’s Retail Sector
Introduction: Opportunities and Regulatory LandscapeIndia’s retail sector is witnessing robust growth, fueled by increased consumer demand, digital transformation, and the expansion of organized retai...
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Corporate Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2026: Paving the Way for Enhanced Corporate Governance
1. OverviewOn March 23, 2026, the Corporate Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2026 was tabled in the Lok Sabha. It proposes significant updates to the Companies Act, 2013 and the Limited Liability Partnership Ac...
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Evolving Responsibilities of Governing Boards in Digital Data Protection: Sectoral Analysis under India’s New Data Laws
Introduction: A New Chapter in Data SecurityIndia is witnessing a paradigm shift in the protection of digital personal data with the introduction of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPD...