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Issuance of Convertible Notes by Startups Under the Companies Act, 2013
Introduction to Convertible NotesConvertible Notes (CNs) are increasingly being leveraged by emerging startups as a preferred funding mechanism, owing to their adaptability and unique benefits. Startu...
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The Significance of Annual Reports for Corporations and Stakeholders
Understanding the Significance of Annual Reports for Corporates and StakeholdersIntroduction: The Annual Report as a Corporate ScorecardEvery financial year, companies are required to prepare an annua...
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Ensuring the Integrity of Joint Development Agreements: The Necessity of Precise Drafting, Civil Resolution Mechanisms, and Procedural Compliance
Introduction: The Dynamics of Joint Development Agreements in Real Estate(i) Overview of Joint Development AgreementsJoint Development Agreements (JDAs) have become a cornerstone in India’s real estat...
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Issuing Shares for Non-Cash Consideration: Provisions and Procedures under the Companies Act, 2013
OverviewThe Companies Act, 2013 enables Indian companies to issue shares in exchange for assets, services, business acquisitions, or conversion of certain liabilities, instead of cash. Section 62(1)(c...
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Revised Compliance for First Auditor Appointment: Mandatory ADT-1 Filing from 14 July 2025
Introduction to the New MCA DirectiveThe Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) has issued a crucial amendment to the Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014, introducing a new compliance step for com...
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Critical Review of the 28% GST on Online Gaming in India: Legal and Economic Perspectives
Introduction: GST on Online Gaming—A Uniform ApproachThe Group of Ministers (GoM), established to examine the taxation of online gaming, has recommended a flat Goods and Services Tax (GST) rate of 28%...
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Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Framework in India: Eligibility, Net Profit Computation, and Compliance
Overview of CSR in Indiai) Introduction to CSR RequirementsCorporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in India is regulated under Section 135 of the Companies Act, 2013, together with the Companies (Corpor...
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Overview of Preferential Allotment of Shares under the Companies Act, 2013
1.1 Introduction to Preferential AllotmentPreferential allotment is a strategic financing tool enabling Indian companies to issue shares or convertible securities to a specifically identified group ra...
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Distinguishing Private Placement and Preferential Allotment: Practical Insights for Capital Raising in India
Introduction: Capital Raising Mechanisms for Unlisted CompaniesUnlisted companies in India often rely on two prominent methods to raise funds without resorting to a public issue: Private Placement and...
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Introduction to Private Placement of Shares: Regulatory Framework and Compliance Essentials
1. Introduction to Private Placement of Shares: Regulatory Framework and Compliance EssentialsPrivate placement is a strategic means for companies to raise capital by offering securities to a specific...
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Distinction Between Reopening/Recasting of Financial Statements and Voluntary Revision under the Companies Act, 2013
Introduction to Reopening and Voluntary Revision under Companies Act, 2013The Companies Act, 2013 introduced novel provisions regarding the reopening and revision of financial statements and Board rep...
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Strategic Disclosure and Governance Duties Stemming from Insider Agreements under SEBI LODR and Companies Act, 2013
Strategic Disclosure of Insider Agreements and Governance Responsibilities under SEBI LODR and Companies Act, 20131. Overview: The Imperative of Disclosure and Transparency1.1. Core Principle – Ensuri...
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Overview of Regulatory Developments in ESG Disclosure in India
1(i) Background and Current TrendsIndia’s regulatory regime for environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosures is evolving, with a foundation laid over several years. Multiple regulators, not...
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Capital Raising through Debentures: A Comprehensive Overview for Private Limited Companies
Introduction: Capital Acquisition for Private Limited CompaniesPrivate Limited Companies in India encounter notable complexities when seeking to mobilize funds, primarily due to strict statutory barri...
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Penalties for Non-Disclosure of Transactions with Associate Companies in Board Reports: Key Lessons from Recent ROC Order
Non-Disclosure of Transactions with Associate Company: ROC Imposes Penalty on Company and Directors for Inadequate Board Report Disclosure1. Introduction and ContextThis article addresses the regulato...
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SEBI's Crackdown on Financial Influencers in India: Safeguarding Investors in the Digital Era
1. IntroductionThe digital age has seen the emergence of financial influencers, or "fin-fluencers," who, with vast social media followings, are reshaping investment landscapes in India. These unregist...
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Evaluating the Role and Accountability of Independent Directors: Insights from V. Selvaraj vs. RBI
OverviewA director is an individual selected or appointed to manage the company's business and operations. Collectively, these individuals form the Board of Directors, which is the primary administrat...
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Directors and Fiduciary Duty: The Case of Competing Businesses
Overview of Directors' ResponsibilitiesDirectors are pivotal in the orchestration and administration of a corporation, acting as fiduciaries or trustees who must oversee the company's affairs with loy...
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Corporate Governance: Compliance vs. Spirit
IntroductionCorporate governance encompasses guidance, supervision, and control, emphasizing transparency, equity, accountability, and thorough disclosures. Achieving this requires adherence to positi...
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Assessing the Eligibility of Employees from Fellow Subsidiary Companies as Independent Directors
Eligibility Assessment for Independent Directors: Comparing Criteria and Compliance(i) General Eligibility CriteriaAn independent director concerning a company refers to a director who is not a managi...