Company Law

Introduction and BackgroundBlue Star Limited secured a loan of Rs. 50,00,000 from its director, Mr. Timothy Edwin, without obtaining prior approval from the Audit Committee as mandated under Section 1...

Background and PurposeCorporate compliance in India often entails inadvertent lapses, whether deliberate or unintentional. Recognizing this, the Companies Act, 2013, incorporates a provision allowing...

1. Introduction: Defining NGOsA Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) operates independently from governmental control with the objective of addressing a range of issues such as social welfare, environm...

Overview: The Emergence of Digital Audit Extract FilingIn the landscape of Indian corporate governance, the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) has implemented a pivotal procedural change with the int...

Introduction: Capital Raising Platforms in IndiaIndia’s capital market has witnessed increasing activity from companies seeking public funds through initial public offerings (IPOs). Two primary avenue...

1. OverviewChoosing the right legal entity is a pivotal step for any entrepreneur in India, as it influences the growth trajectory, compliance requirements, taxation, funding capability, and the way t...

IntroductionSections 89 and 90 of the Companies Act, 2013 outline distinct disclosure requirements relating to shareholding in Indian companies. While both provisions promote transparency, their focus...

Introduction: The Significance of Accurate DIN InformationEvery individual appointed as a director in an Indian company must possess a valid Director Identification Number (DIN), as mandated by the Co...

Introduction to Section 185Section 185 of the Companies Act, 2013, together with the relevant rules, provides a stringent regulatory framework on the manner in which companies can extend loans, guaran...

Introduction to Section 8 Companies(i) Definition and PurposeA Section 8 Company, as defined under the Companies Act, 2013, is a special type of company formed with the primary goal of promoting chari...

Introduction: The Evolving Landscape of Property RightsThe Supreme Court’s recent decision in K. Gopi v. State & Ors. (delivered June 7, 2025) brings to the forefront the ongoing complexities in deter...

OverviewThe Companies Act, 2013, lays down an extensive legal structure for regulating company affairs in India, encompassing provisions for compliance, governance, and the resolution of violations. A...

1. OverviewThe Companies Act, 2013, not only prescribes penalties for violations but also introduces mandates for companies to achieve economic, social, and environmental objectives. This approach—oft...

Overview of Director Identification Number (DIN) Systemi) Understanding DIN and Its Lifetime ValidityThe Director Identification Number (DIN) serves as a unique identifier assigned by the Central Gove...

Introduction to Section 8 CompaniesSection 8 of the Companies Act, 2013, along with its preceding statutes, enables entities to register as companies with charitable objectives, such as advancement of...

1. Introduction: The ESOP Dilemma for Start-Up Founders(i) Evolving Compensation Methods in Start-UpsStarting a new business venture often requires founders to take on numerous roles, frequently optin...

1. Introduction to the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT)The National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) was established under Section 408 of the Companies Act, 2013 (CA 2013) as the chief adjudicatory bod...

1. Introduction to Charges under the Companies Act, 2013(i) Definition and Nature of ChargesA "charge" as per Section 2(16) of the Companies Act, 2013, refers to an interest or lien created over a com...

1. Overview: The Strategic Importance of Reclassification under SEBI LODR(i) Context and RationaleTransitioning promoters to public shareholder status, or vice versa, is a key maneuver for listed comp...

Understanding Shareholders(i) Meaning and Legal StandingAs per the Companies Act, 2013, a shareholder—also referred to as a member—is any person, corporate entity, or institution that possesses at lea...